西藏自治区的土地、粮食和人口

本文讨论了西藏自治区土地系统、农业发展、人口增长和它们之间的相互关系。指出西藏土地类型复杂多样,极少土地能用于种植业,单位产量亦不高。人均占有粮食不足300kg,若干牧区不足50kg。粮食生产不能满足人口增长的需求。这种趋势在今后30年内仍将继续下去。 为了解决土地—粮食—人口三者之间关系的不协调,需采取若干切实措施。文中亦强调人口控制的必要。     

Study of prediction for groundwater contamination in wastewater land treatment system

This paper uses a prediction model of groundwater pollution based on the experiments in the laboratory and in field .The model, which was tested and calibrated by the field observated data ,satisfactorily simulated the field conditions in land treatment system of wastewater . Particularly , the model can provide the reliable pollution prediction of heavy metals , organisms and nitrogen . The model was used to predict the groundwater pollution caused by the land treatment system in the region of North China . The calibration of the model showed that correlation coefficients between the tested and predictive data of Cr6+. As3+, organism and NH4+ could reach 0.990, which proved that the model possessed the realistic instructive significance for design and use of wastewater land treatment systems .     

The effects of land use and its patterns on soil properties in a small catchment of the Loess Plateau

Due to relatively strong human activities in the hilly area of Loess Plateau,the natural vegetation has been destroyed,and landscape pattern based on agricultural land matrix was land use mosaic composing of shrub land,grassland,woolland and orchard.This pattern has an important effect on soil moisture and soil nutrients.The Danangou catchment,a typical small catchment,was selected to study the effects of land use and its patterns on soil moisture and nutrients in this paper.The results are as follows:The comparisons of soil moisture among seven land uses for wet year and dry year were performed:(1)the average of soil moisture content for whole catchment was 12.11% in wet year,while it was 9.37% in dry year;(2)soil moisture among seven land uses was significantly different in dry year,but not in wet year;(3) form wet year to dry year,the profile type of soil moisture changed from decreasing type to fluctuation-type and from fluctuant type to increasing type;(4)the increasing trend in soil moisture from the top to foot of hillslope occurred in simple land use along slope,while complicated distribution of soil moisture was observed in multiple land uses along slope.The relationships between soil nutrients and land uses and landscape positions were analysed:(1)five nutrient contents of soil organic matter(SOM),total N(TN),available N(AN),total P(TP) and available P(AP) in hilly area were lower than that in other areas.SOM content was less than 1%,TN content less than 0.07%,and TP fallow land and cropland,and higher level in soil fertility was found in crop-fruit intercropping land among croplands;(3)soil nutrient distribution and responses to landscape positions were variable depending on slope and the location of land use types.     

辽河流域河流栖息地评价指标与评价方法研究

建立了由底质、栖息地复杂性、速度-深度结合特性、堤岸稳定性、河道变化、河水水量状况、植被多样性、水质状况、人类活动强度和河岸土地利用类型所构成的河流栖息地评价指标体系,确定了各指标的等级划分以及栖息地综合指数的计算方法.结合2005年辽河流域河流生态调查结果,对流域内所调查的28个河段的栖息地质量状况进行了具体评价,并进一步分析了河道栖息地综合指数与河流理化因子、底栖生物以及小流域土地利用状况的相关关系.结果表明:①辽河流域28个河段的栖息地质量状况差异显著,其中10个河段达到了较好等级以上,6个仅为中等水平,12个河段为较差等级以下;②栖息地质量与理化因子、底栖生物指标具有显著相关性,表明栖息地质量是影响水质与生物状况的重要因素;③小流域的人类未利用土地比例与栖息地质量显著相关,表明小流域土地利用程度对栖息地环境质量影响较大,是恢复与保护河流栖息地质量的重要条件.     

填埋处理场易发的各种环境问题及其对策

固体废弃物的填埋处理法在处理量和处理成本等方面比起其他方法有很强的优势，然而填埋处理场如果得不到正确的运转和管理，将成为新的污染源，易引发地表水和地面水污染、大气污染以及甲烷气体爆炸等环境问题。鉴于上述问题，文中针对上述事例介绍了排气设备、诱引气床等物理和化学方面的防止对策。     

川中丘陵区典型土地利用方式下磷素迁移的初步研究

通过野外定位观测,对川中丘陵区坡耕地、水田与林地地表径流水中磷素迁移形态、迁移通量进行了初步研究。结果表明,坡耕地、林地磷素迁移以颗粒吸附态为主,水田磷素迁移以水溶性磷为主,所有土地利用类型径流中总磷含量已超过水体富营养化的标准。坡耕地、水田和林地地表径流水中磷迁移的通量分别为0.88 kg/(hm2.a),0.15 kg/(hm2.a)与0.33 kg/(hm2.a)。     

抓住机遇 开拓创新 努力提高国土资源对可持续发展保障能力

加入WTO我国国土资源管理工作面临新的形势、新的任务、新的要求。该文对我国加入WTO后土地、矿产、海洋等国土资源形势以及改进和加强管理工作面临的机遇和挑战进行了分析,提出将进一步加强国土资源调查评价,加快国土资源市场建设,严格实施资源规划,加强宏观调控,积极实施“走出去”、“引进来”的战略,深化改革,推进依法行政,大力推进国土资源科技进步,努力提高国土资源对经济社会可持续发展的保障能力。     

奈曼旗沙漠化土地动态变化分析

本文利用两期TM卫片对奈曼旗五个苏木的沙漠化土地动态进行了分析。10年间沙漠伦土地总面积减少了457.82km^2，但同期耕地面积净增加了394.08km^2；同时，流动沙地面积增加了139.62km^2，图斑数降低到了50％，流动沙地明显扩展，斑块间发生合并，集中连片的趋势严峻。不同苏木沙漠化土地变化表明，土地利用方式对其有明显影响。     

矿区土地复垦与对策

较系统地总结了从开矿到复垦过程中需要在土地整理方面做的工作，研究借鉴目前国内外土地复垦的方法，讨论土地复垦过程中出现的问题及复垦后所应采取的对策。     

Eco-environmental information system of Tianjin City─Design, implementation and applications

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